How many PAM chemicals types for wastewater treatment?

Polyacrylamide (PAM) is classified into four types based on its ionic properties:

Anionic: Suitable for neutral/alkaline environments, with significant effects on inorganic sludge (such as sand washing wastewater).

Cationic: Used for dewatering organic sludge (such as municipal sewage), neutralizing negatively charged particles with positive charges.

Nonionic: Low molecular weight, Suitable for neutral or acidic wastewater, using hydrogen bonding for adsorption and flocculation.

Amphoteric: Contains both positive and negative charged groups, suitable for complex water qualities (such as industrial wastewater).

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